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George Berkeley (;〔("Berkeley" ) entry in ''Collins English Dictionary'', HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.〕 12 March 168514 January 1753), also known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne), was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers, and as a result cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism. In 1709, Berkeley published his first major work, ''An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision'', in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and colour.〔See via Google Books〕 This foreshadowed his chief philosophical work ''A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge'' in 1710 which, after its poor reception, he rewrote in dialogue form and published under the title ''Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous'' in 1713.〔 Repr. in In this collection of essays, Turbayne's work comprised two papers that had been published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: * "Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind" * C. Turbayne's reply to (S.A. Grave "A Note on Berkeley's Conception of the Mind" ) (Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1962, vol. 22, No. 4). 〕 In this book, Berkeley's views were represented by Philonous (Greek: "lover of mind"), while Hylas (Greek: "matter") embodies the Irish thinker's opponents, in particular John Locke. Berkeley argued against Sir Isaac Newton's doctrine of absolute space, time and motion in ''De Motu''〔''Berkeley's Philosophical Writings'', New York: Collier, 1974, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 64-22680〕 (On Motion), published 1721. His arguments were a precursor to the views of Mach and Einstein.〔''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', Micropædia, Vol. 2, Chicago, 2007〕 In 1732, he published ''Alciphron'', a Christian apologetic against the free-thinkers, and in 1734, he published ''The Analyst'', a critique of the foundations of calculus, which was influential in the development of mathematics. His last major philosophical work, ''Siris'' (1744), begins by advocating the medicinal use of tar water, and then continues to discuss a wide range of topics including science, philosophy, and theology. Interest in Berkeley's work increased after World War II, because he tackled many of the issues of paramount interest to philosophy in the 20th century such as the problems of perception, the difference between primary and secondary qualities, and the importance of language. == Biography == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Berkeley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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